Commodity Costs and Returns
Cost and return estimates are reported for the United States and major production regions for corn, soybeans, wheat, cotton, grain sorghum, rice, peanuts, oats, barley, milk, hogs, and cow-calf. The series of commodity cost and return estimates for the U.S. and regions is divided into Recent and Historical estimates. Recent estimates date back to the most recent major revision in accounting methods, account format, and regional definitions for each commodity. Historical estimates date back to when the series began. Cost-of-Production Forecasts are also available for major U.S. field crops. Organic Costs and Returns for corn, milk, wheat, and soybeans are also available.
Also, see the ERS Milk Cost of Production Estimates data product.
Note: Recent increases in fertilizer prices may not be fully reflected in the recently released Cost-of-Production Forecasts. Forecasts developed during the fourth quarter and released on December 17, 2021, use input price indices developed during October 2021. For current input price information, see the USDA, Agricultural Marketing Service's Market News page with quotes available for many major crops.
Note: Beginning June 22, 2022, the Commodity Costs and Returns and Cost-of-Production Forecast will be released at 3 p.m. Eastern Time.
- Recent Cost and Returns
- Historical Costs and Returns: Corn
- Historical Costs and Returns: Soybeans
- Historical Costs and Returns: Wheat
- Historical Costs and Returns: Cotton
- Historical Costs and Returns: Rice
- Historical Costs and Returns: Grain sorghum
- Historical Costs and Returns: Barley
- Historical Costs and Returns: Oats
- Historical Costs and Returns: Sugar Beets
- Historical Costs and Returns: Peanuts
- Historical Costs and Returns: Tobacco
- Historical Costs and Returns: Milk
- Historical Costs and Returns: Hogs, all
- Historical Costs and Returns: Hogs, farrow-finish
- Historical Costs and Returns: Hogs, farrow-feeder
- Historical Costs and Returns: Hogs, feeder-finish
- Historical Costs and Returns: Cow-Calf
- Cost-of-Production Forecasts
| Data Set | Last Updated | Next Update |
|---|---|---|
| Recent Cost and Returns | ||
| Corn | 5/2/2022 | 10/3/2022 |
| Cotton | 5/2/2022 | 10/3/2022 |
| Barley | 5/2/2022 | 10/3/2022 |
| Peanuts | 5/2/2022 | 10/3/2022 |
| Rice | 5/2/2022 | 10/3/2022 |
| Sorghum | 5/2/2022 | 10/3/2022 |
| Oats | 5/2/2022 | 10/3/2022 |
| Soybeans | 5/2/2022 | 10/3/2022 |
| Wheat | 5/2/2022 | 10/3/2022 |
| Milk | 5/2/2022 | 10/3/2022 |
| Cow-Calf | 5/2/2022 | 10/3/2022 |
| Hogs, All | 5/2/2022 | 10/3/2022 |
| Hogs, Farrow-Finish | 5/2/2022 | 10/3/2022 |
| Hogs, Farrow-Feeder | 5/2/2022 | 10/3/2022 |
| Hogs, Feeder-Finish | 5/2/2022 | 10/3/2022 |
| Hogs, Farrow-Wean | 5/2/2022 | 10/3/2022 |
| Hogs, Wean-Feeder | 5/2/2022 | 10/3/2022 |
| Historical Costs and Returns: Corn | ||
| U.S.: 1975-95 | 10/4/2001 | |
| Southeast: 1975-95 | 10/4/2001 | |
| Historical Costs and Returns: Soybeans | ||
| U.S.: 1975-96 | 10/4/2001 | |
| Southeast: 1975-96 | 10/4/2001 | |
| Historical Costs and Returns: Wheat | ||
| U.S.: 1975-88, 1989-97 | 10/4/2001 | |
| Southeast: 1975-88, 1989-97 | 10/4/2001 | |
| West: 1975-88, 1989-97 | 10/4/2001 | |
| Historical Costs and Returns: Cotton | ||
| U.S.: 1975-96 | 10/5/2011 | |
| Southeast: 1975-96 | 10/5/2011 | |
| West: 1975-96 | 10/5/2011 | |
| Historical Costs and Returns: Rice | ||
| U.S.: 1975-99 | 9/4/2002 | |
| West: 1975-99 | 9/4/2002 | |
| Historical Costs and Returns: Grain sorghum | ||
| U.S.: 1975-94 | 10/5/2011 | |
| Historical Costs and Returns: Barley | ||
| U.S.: 1975-2002 | 4/11/2005 | |
| West: 1975-2002 | 4/11/2005 | |
| Historical Costs and Returns: Oats | ||
| U.S.: 1975-2004 | 8/17/2007 | |
| Historical Costs and Returns: Sugar Beets | ||
| U.S. and Regional: 2000-2007 | 10/1/2008 | |
| U.S.: 1981-91, 1992-99 | 10/7/2004 | |
| West: 1981-91, 1992-99 | 10/7/2004 | |
| Historical Costs and Returns: Peanuts | ||
| U.S.: 1975-94 | 10/5/2001 | |
| Southeast: 1975-94 | 10/5/2001 | |
| Historical Costs and Returns: Tobacco | ||
| U.S.: 1996-2004 | 9/13/2005 | |
| Historical Costs and Returns: Milk | ||
| U.S.: 1980-92, 1993-99 | 5/24/2002 | |
| Southeast: 1980-92, 1993-99 | 5/24/2002 | |
| West: 1980-92, 1993-99 | 9/11/2002 | |
| Historical Costs and Returns: Hogs, all | ||
| U.S.: 1992-97 | 10/5/2011 | |
| Southeast: 1992-97 | 10/5/2011 | |
| Historical Costs and Returns: Hogs, farrow-finish | ||
| U.S.: 1982-91, 1992-97 | 10/5/2011 | |
| Southeast: 1982-91, 1992-97 | 10/5/2011 | |
| Historical Costs and Returns: Hogs, farrow-feeder | ||
| U.S.: 1982-91, 1992-97 | 10/5/2011 | |
| Southeast: 1992-97 | 10/5/2011 | |
| Historical Costs and Returns: Hogs, feeder-finish | ||
| U.S.: 1982-91, 1992-97 | 11/7/2011 | |
| Southeast: 1992-97 | 10/5/2011 | |
| Historical Costs and Returns: Cow-Calf | ||
| U.S.: 1982-89, 1990-95 | 10/5/2011 | |
| Southeast: 1982-89, 1990-95 | 10/5/2011 | |
| West: 1982-89, 1990-95 | 10/5/2011 | |
| Cost-of-Production Forecasts | ||
| Cost-of-production forecasts for U.S. major field crops, 2021F-2022F | 12/17/2021 | 6/22/2022 |