Commodity Costs and Returns
Cost and return estimates are reported for the United States and major production regions for corn, soybeans, wheat, cotton, grain sorghum, rice, peanuts, oats, barley, milk, hogs, and cow-calf. The series of commodity cost and return estimates for the U.S. and regions is divided into Recent and Historical estimates. Recent estimates date back to the most recent major revision in accounting methods, account format, and regional definitions for each commodity. Historical estimates date back to when the series began. Cost-of-Production Forecasts are also available for major U.S. field crops. Organic Costs and Returns for corn, milk, wheat, and soybeans are also available.
Also, see the ERS Milk Cost of Production Estimates data product.
Note: The Cost-of-Production Forecast that was originally scheduled for release on December 19, 2022, was released on November 15, 2022, at 3 p.m. EST.
- Recent Cost and Returns
- Historical Costs and Returns: Corn
- Historical Costs and Returns: Soybeans
- Historical Costs and Returns: Wheat
- Historical Costs and Returns: Cotton
- Historical Costs and Returns: Rice
- Historical Costs and Returns: Grain sorghum
- Historical Costs and Returns: Barley
- Historical Costs and Returns: Oats
- Historical Costs and Returns: Sugar Beets
- Historical Costs and Returns: Peanuts
- Historical Costs and Returns: Tobacco
- Historical Costs and Returns: Milk
- Historical Costs and Returns: Hogs, all
- Historical Costs and Returns: Hogs, farrow-finish
- Historical Costs and Returns: Hogs, farrow-feeder
- Historical Costs and Returns: Hogs, feeder-finish
- Historical Costs and Returns: Cow-Calf
- Cost-of-Production Forecasts
| Data Set | Last Updated | Next Update |
|---|---|---|
| Recent Cost and Returns | ||
| Corn | 10/3/2022 | 5/1/2023 |
| Cotton | 10/3/2022 | 5/1/2023 |
| Barley | 10/3/2022 | 5/1/2023 |
| Peanuts | 10/3/2022 | 5/1/2023 |
| Rice | 10/3/2022 | 5/1/2023 |
| Sorghum | 10/3/2022 | 5/1/2023 |
| Oats | 10/3/2022 | 5/1/2023 |
| Soybeans | 10/3/2022 | 5/1/2023 |
| Wheat | 10/3/2022 | 5/1/2023 |
| Milk | 10/3/2022 | 5/1/2023 |
| Cow-Calf | 10/3/2022 | 5/1/2023 |
| Hogs, All | 10/3/2022 | 5/1/2023 |
| Hogs, Farrow-Finish | 10/3/2022 | 5/1/2023 |
| Hogs, Farrow-Feeder | 10/3/2022 | 5/1/2023 |
| Hogs, Feeder-Finish | 10/3/2022 | 5/1/2023 |
| Hogs, Farrow-Wean | 10/3/2022 | 5/1/2023 |
| Hogs, Wean-Feeder | 10/3/2022 | 5/1/2023 |
| Historical Costs and Returns: Corn | ||
| U.S.: 1975-95 | 10/4/2001 | |
| Southeast: 1975-95 | 10/4/2001 | |
| Historical Costs and Returns: Soybeans | ||
| U.S.: 1975-96 | 10/4/2001 | |
| Southeast: 1975-96 | 10/4/2001 | |
| Historical Costs and Returns: Wheat | ||
| U.S.: 1975-88, 1989-97 | 10/4/2001 | |
| Southeast: 1975-88, 1989-97 | 10/4/2001 | |
| West: 1975-88, 1989-97 | 10/4/2001 | |
| Historical Costs and Returns: Cotton | ||
| U.S.: 1975-96 | 10/5/2011 | |
| Southeast: 1975-96 | 10/5/2011 | |
| West: 1975-96 | 10/5/2011 | |
| Historical Costs and Returns: Rice | ||
| U.S.: 1975-99 | 9/4/2002 | |
| West: 1975-99 | 9/4/2002 | |
| Historical Costs and Returns: Grain sorghum | ||
| U.S.: 1975-94 | 10/5/2011 | |
| Historical Costs and Returns: Barley | ||
| U.S.: 1975-2002 | 4/11/2005 | |
| West: 1975-2002 | 4/11/2005 | |
| Historical Costs and Returns: Oats | ||
| U.S.: 1975-2004 | 8/17/2007 | |
| Historical Costs and Returns: Sugar Beets | ||
| U.S. and Regional: 2000-2007 | 10/1/2008 | |
| U.S.: 1981-91, 1992-99 | 10/7/2004 | |
| West: 1981-91, 1992-99 | 10/7/2004 | |
| Historical Costs and Returns: Peanuts | ||
| U.S.: 1975-94 | 10/5/2001 | |
| Southeast: 1975-94 | 10/5/2001 | |
| Historical Costs and Returns: Tobacco | ||
| U.S.: 1996-2004 | 9/13/2005 | |
| Historical Costs and Returns: Milk | ||
| U.S.: 1980-92, 1993-99 | 5/24/2002 | |
| Southeast: 1980-92, 1993-99 | 5/24/2002 | |
| West: 1980-92, 1993-99 | 9/11/2002 | |
| Historical Costs and Returns: Hogs, all | ||
| U.S.: 1992-97 | 10/5/2011 | |
| Southeast: 1992-97 | 10/5/2011 | |
| Historical Costs and Returns: Hogs, farrow-finish | ||
| U.S.: 1982-91, 1992-97 | 10/5/2011 | |
| Southeast: 1982-91, 1992-97 | 10/5/2011 | |
| Historical Costs and Returns: Hogs, farrow-feeder | ||
| U.S.: 1982-91, 1992-97 | 10/5/2011 | |
| Southeast: 1992-97 | 10/5/2011 | |
| Historical Costs and Returns: Hogs, feeder-finish | ||
| U.S.: 1982-91, 1992-97 | 11/7/2011 | |
| Southeast: 1992-97 | 10/5/2011 | |
| Historical Costs and Returns: Cow-Calf | ||
| U.S.: 1982-89, 1990-95 | 10/5/2011 | |
| Southeast: 1982-89, 1990-95 | 10/5/2011 | |
| West: 1982-89, 1990-95 | 10/5/2011 | |
| Cost-of-Production Forecasts | ||
| Cost-of-production forecasts for major U.S. field crops, 2022F-2023F | 11/15/2022 | 6/22/2023 |