The importance of global agricultural trade has continued to increase, facilitated by technological changes, productivity gains, trade liberalization, and income growth. More than one-third of the value of global agricultural trade is concentrated among several large economies. In 2025, the top five global importers of agricultural goods were the United States, the European Union, China, the United Kingdom, and Japan. The top five global agricultural exporters were the European Union, the United States, Brazil, China, and Canada.
The United States continues to be a key participant in global agricultural trade. Total U.S. agricultural trade fell from a record level in 2022 of $394 to $383 billion in 2025, with U.S. agricultural exports valued at $171 billion and imports valued at $212 billion in 2025.
Mexico was the largest market for U.S. agricultural exports in 2025, comprising 18 percent of the total. Mexico is closely followed by Canada, which received $28.2 billion of U.S. agricultural goods. The European Union and Japan are also among the top 5 agricultural export destinations for the United States, with exports valued at $14.5 and $12.8 billion, respectively. The top five U.S. agricultural trading partners accounted for 56 percent of U.S. agricultural exports in 2025. In 2025, China fell from the top 5, as U.S. agricultural exports to China shrank to $8.4 billion.
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In regard to imports, Mexico and Canada are the two largest suppliers of agricultural products to the United States, providing $43.8 billion and $39.3 billion, respectively, in 2025. Mexico supplied 21 percent of the agricultural products imported by the United States—including horticultural products such as fruit, vegetables, and alcoholic beverages. Canada is also a source of horticultural products, as well as grains and meats. The European Union is the third largest source of agricultural imports to the United States, accounting for $32.9 billion worth of U.S. agricultural imports in 2025—with horticultural products such as wine, spirits, and essential oils accounting for more than 60 percent of that value. Brazil and Australia supplied 4 percent and 3 percent of U.S. agricultural imports making them the fourth and fifth largest sources of agricultural imports to the United States. In total, the top 5 sources of U.S. agricultural imports accounted for 62 percent of all U.S. agricultural imports in 2025.
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Continental Africa is also expected to become an increasingly important participant in global agricultural trade and an important trading partner with the United States. The continent has more than 1.4 billion people and the population is expected to continue growing swiftly. Projected changes in demographic, income, and food demand patterns could create new opportunities to increase trade with Africa.
Because of the importance of these geographies to U.S. agricultural trade, USDA, Economic Research Service (ERS) economists conduct research and analysis on the economies, agricultural sectors, and policies of U.S. key trading partners. ERS also assesses environmental, food safety, and food security challenges confronting countries and regions in an increasingly global agricultural market, in addition to researching the economic opportunities the market provides.
Geography-specific reports, information, and data are available on Brazil, Canada, China, the European Union, India, Japan, Mexico, South Korea, and the continent of Africa.
