Milk Cost of Production Estimates

Annual milk cost of production estimates vary by State and the size of operation. These estimates are shown below. For national and regional annual milk cost of production estimates, please go to the commodity costs and returns section.

Milk cost of production estimates since 2021 are based on the 2021 USDA, Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS) data from milk producers, with subsequent updates based upon annual price changes. Estimates for 2016 through 2020 are based on the 2016 ARMS data from milk producers, 2010 through 2015 are based on the 2010 ARMS data from milk producers, and 2005 through 2009 are based on the 2005 ARMS data from milk producers. National monthly milk cost of production estimates are available for 2005–17.

Also see costs and returns estimates for organic milk.