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Major Land Uses

The USDA, Economic Research Service’s (ERS) Major Land Uses (MLU) data product provides a comprehensive, national accounting of land use.

Highlights

  • The Major Land Uses (MLU) data product classifies land use into seven major categories for the entire United States: total land, cropland, grassland pasture and range, forest-use land, special use land, urban land and miscellaneous land.
  • The MLU data series is the longest running, most comprehensive accounting of all major uses of public and private land in the United States and has been produced since 1948.
  • This series includes 5 national summary tables and 16 State and regional tables. Except for summary table 3, all tables begin in 1945 and are updated every 5 years coincident with the Census of Agriculture.
  • Summary table 3 is updated annually, coincident with the USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service crop production annual summary. This data series begins in 1910.
  • The latest ERS report in this series is Major Uses of Land in the United States, 2017.

Data from all 16 Major Land Uses reports have been combined into a set of files showing major land use estimates by region and State from 1945 to 2017. Note that Alaska and Hawaii were added in 1959, when both achieved Statehood. Since Alaska contains such vast amounts of acreage, U.S. totals in all acreage categories prior to 1959 may appear to change precipitously. See Documentation for 5 Year Update for more information about using this data product, including detailed definitions of major land uses and terms. For citations of the previous MLU reports, see Major Land Use Reports Since 1948.

Pie chart showing proportion of major U.S. land uses in 2017 across the catagories of cropland, grassland pasture and range, forest-use land, special uses, urban areas, and miscellaneous other land.

Download chart image

Data for total cropland used for crops are available annually in summary table 3, showing cropland use estimates from 1910 to 2025. Note that double-cropped acres and total crops harvested were added to the series in 1950. See Documentation for Annual Update for more information about using this data product.

Line chart showing four major uses of U.S. cropland from 1950 to 2025: cropland harvested, not double cropped; cropland harvested, double cropped; crop failure; and cultivated summer fallow.

Download chart image

For a list of updates and methodological changes, see Update and Revision History.

Errata: On September 13, 2024, the Major Land Uses data product was revised to reflect changes in the 1987, 1992, and 1997 values for total forest use land in certain Northeastern States, as well as the forest use land, special use land, and urban land for certain Northeastern states in 1992. Also, the regional total for rural transportation in the Northeast region in 2007 was corrected. No other values were affected.

File Downloads

  • Summary table 1: Major uses of land, by region and State, United States, 2017

    Download (XLSX, 203.47 KB)
  • Summary table 2: Major uses of cropland, by region and State, United States, 2017

    Download (XLSX, 225.3 KB)
  • Summary table 3: Total cropland used for crops: Cropland harvested (including double cropped), crop failure, and cultivated summer fallow for the United States, annual, 1910–2025

    Download (XLSX, 18.87 KB) | Download (CSV, 522.07 KB)
  • Summary table 4: Total grazing land, by region and State, United States, 2017

    Download (XLSX, 16.53 KB)
  • Summary table 5: Special uses of land, by region and State, United States, 2017

    Download (XLSX, 157.32 KB)

  • Total land, 1945–2017, by State: The sum of cropland, pasture/range, forest-use land, special uses, urban area, and other land.

    Download (XLSX, 310.78 KB)

  • Cropland, 1945–2017, by State: The sum of cropland used for crops, cropland idled, and cropland used for pasture.

    Download (XLSX, 305.82 KB)

  • Cropland used for crops, 1945–2017, by State: The sum of cropland harvested, crop failure, and cultivated summer fallow.

    Download (XLSX, 330.82 KB)
  • Cropland used for pasture, 1945–2017, by State: Pasture considered to be in long-term crop rotation. Includes some land used for pasture that could have been cropped without additional improvement.

    Download (XLSX, 331.4 KB)
  • Cropland idled, 1945–2017, by State: Land completely idled and lands seeded to soil improvement crops but not harvested or pastured.

    Download (XLSX, 313.6 KB)

  • Grassland pasture and range, 1945–2017, by State: Grassland and other nonforested pasture and range in farms plus estimates of open or nonforested grazing lands not in farms. Does not include cropland used for pasture or forest land grazed.

    Download (XLSX, 332.53 KB)

  • Total forest-use land, 1945–2017, by State: The sum of forest-use land grazed and forest-use land not grazed.

    Download (XLSX, 314.93 KB)

  • Forest-use land grazed, 1945–2017, by State: Woodland grazed in farms plus estimates of forested grazing land not in farms.

    Download (XLSX, 306.31 KB)
  • Forest-use not grazed, 1945–2017, by State: Total forest-use land minus forest-use land grazed.

    Download (XLSX, 306.34 KB)

  • Total special uses, 1945–2017, by State: The sum of land in rural transportation, rural parks and wildlife, defense and industrial, plus miscellaneous farm and other special uses.

    Download (XLSX, 22.58 KB)

  • Rural transportation, 1945–2017, by State: Area covered by rural highways, roads, railroad rights-of-way, and airport facilities (excluding military bases) outside of urban areas.

    Download (XLSX, 329.99 KB)
  • Rural parks and wildlife areas, 1945–2017, by State: Land in Federal and State parks, wilderness areas, and wildlife refuges.

    Download (XLSX, 332.16 KB)
  • Defense and industrial areas, 1945–2017, by State: Land managed by Department of Defense and Department of Energy.

    Download (XLSX, 307.09 KB)
  • Miscellaneous farmland, 1945–2017, by State: Farmsteads, farm roads, and other miscellaneous farmland.

    Download (XLSX, 329.49 KB)

  • Urban area, 1945–2017, by State: Densely-populated areas with at least 50,000 people (urbanized areas) and densely-populated areas with 2,500 to 50,000 people (urban clusters). Intercensus years are extrapolated.

    Download (XLSX, 308.17 KB)