WIC and the Retail Price of Infant Formula
- by Victor Oliveira, Mark Prell, David Smallwood and Elizabeth Frazão
- 6/1/2004
Overview
Rebates from infant formula manufacturers to State agencies that administer the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) support over one-quarter of all WIC participants. However, concerns have been raised that WIC and its infant formula rebate program may significantly affect the infant formula prices faced by non-WIC consumers. This report presents findings from the most comprehensive national study of infant formula prices at the retail level. For a given set of wholesale prices, WIC and its infant formula rebate program resulted in modest increases in the supermarket price of infant formula, especially in States with a high percentage of WIC formula-fed infants. However, lower priced infant formulas are available to non-WIC consumers in most areas of the country, and the number of these lower priced alternatives is increasing over time.
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Entire report
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Report summary
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Abstract, Acknowledgments, Contents, Summary, Definitions
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Introduction
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Overview of the WIC Program
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The WIC Infant Formula Rebate Program
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The Domestic Infant Formula Market
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Source of Infant Formula Data
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Infant Formula Trends
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Infant Formula Prices and Availability by Market Area
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Event Study Analysis of Retail Infant Formula Prices
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Multivariate Analysis of the Determinants of Retail Infant Formula Prices
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Discussion
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Conclusions
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References
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Appendix A
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Appendix B
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Appendix C
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Appendix D
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Appendix E
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