Manufacturers' Bids for WIC Infant Formula Rebate Contracts, 2003-2013

by David E. Davis and Victor Oliveira

USDA's Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) is the major purchaser of infant formula in the United States. WIC State agencies are required to have competitively bid infant formula rebate contracts with infant formula manufacturers. This study analyzes the winning and losing bids from the infant formula manufacturers.

Keywords: Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children; WIC; infant formula; net price; rebates; bids

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• Entire Report
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• Download zip file for EIB-142