$ = U.S. dollars; bu = bushel; cwt = hundredweight; lb = pound; PHD = packinghouse door.
Normalized prices are calculated based on a 5-year lagged mean of market prices. For example, 2024 normalized prices (for report year 2025) are the mean of 2019-2023 market prices.
Previous year normalized prices are from ERS normalized price reports. These prices may not match the current data posted on USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) QuickStats as NASS occasionally updates historical prices.
Prices for crops, livestock, and milk are for marketing years. Prices for poultry, eggs, and wool are for calendar years.
National prices for sheep and lambs are no longer reported by NASS.
Starting with the 2015 normalized price report year, "hogs" is divided between the categories "hogs, barrows & gilts" and "hogs, sows."
For more information on the calculation of normalized prices please visit: https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/normalized-prices/documentation/.
Source: USDA, Economic Research Service using data from NASS accessed from QuickStats on August 08, 2025. Information on NASS methodology and data quality are available at the following link: https://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/Methodology_and_Data_Quality/index.php.
Contact: Nicholas A. Potter, nicholas.potter@usda.gov.
Release date: September 30, 2025.
