Median farm income and median total household income of U.S. farm households by commodity specialization, 2024

A farm's specialization is determined by the one commodity or group of commodities that makes up at least 50 percent of the farm's total value of agricultural production. In any given year, production and market conditions will vary for farms that specialize in different commodities. Household income variation may also stem from differences in scale of operation and how much income the operator and other household members earn off the farm. For example, with its extensive and ongoing time demands, managing a dairy farm rarely permits an operator to work many hours off-farm.