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Rapid
change in the size and ownership structure of U.S. hog production
has created new and varied challenges for the industry, and these
changes have not come without problems. Concerns about the increasing
market control and power concentrated among packers and large hog
operations, and about the manure management problem posed by an
increasing concentration of hog manure on fewer operations, are
paramount.
Below
are other ERS resources related to this topic, including research
reports, articles, data,
and briefing rooms:
Research
Reports
-
Vertical Coordination of Marketing Systems: Lessons From the Poultry,
Egg and Pork Industries—The poultry, egg, and pork industries
took significant steps to improve the control of production through
contracting and vertical integration. More.
AER-807 (4/02)
- Price
and Quality of Pork and Chicken Products: What's the Role of Vertical
Coordination?—Significant changes in vertical coordination
of the U.S. broiler industry many years ago may provide useful
insight into the rapid changes occurring in today's pork industry.
More.
AIB-747-02 (2/02)
- Confined
Animal Production and Manure Nutrients—Livestock and
poultry manure applied to farmland is a valuable source of organic
nutrients, but manure nitrogen and phosphorus in excess of the
farm's crop requirements can compromise water quality. More.
AIB-771 (6/01)
- Consolidation
in U.S. Meatpacking—Meatpacking consolidated rapidly
in the last two decades: slaughter plants became much larger,
and concentration increased as smaller firms left the industry.
More.
AER-785 (3/99)
- Change
in U.S. Livestock Production, 1969-92—Examines
geographic changes in U.S. livestock production during 1969-92
from the standpoint of industry concentration and structure. More.
AER-754 (7/97)
- Farmers'
Use of Marketing and Production Contracts—Contracts are
an integral part of the production and marketing of an increasing
number of crop and livestock commodities. More.
AER-747 (12/96)
Articles
- Managing
Manure: New Clean Water Act Regulations Create Imperative for
Livestock Producers—Nutrients from livestock and poultry
manure are key sources of water pollution. New water quality regulations
were put in place to deal with manure management on December 16,
2002. More.
Amber Waves (2/03).
- Proposed
Requirements for Manure Nutrient Management: Potential Sector
Impacts—The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has
proposed bringing additional animal feeding operations (AFOs)
under regulation and requiring implementation of nutrient management
plans, with a decision expected by December 2002. More.
AO (4/02)
- Livestock
Operations Face Greater Restriction—Take an AFO, concentrate
it to make a CAFO, mix in some NPDES and TMDL, and the result
is a brew that more livestock and poultry producers may have to
imbibe in the near future. More.
AO (4/02)
- Confined
Animal Production Poses Manure Management Problems—Many
confined animal operations are unable to utilize all manure nutrients
produced on the farm-i.e., apply the animal waste to crops on
land under their control. More.
AO (9/00)
- U.S.
Environmental Regulation & Location of Hog Production—Increasing
concentration of hog production and manure waste in certain areas
of the U.S. has heightened interest in the potential links between
stringency of environmental regulation and location of animal
production. More.
AO (9/00)
- Consolidation
in Meatpacking: Causes and Concerns—With the emergence
of new and extensive scale economies in meatpacking over the past
two decades, intense price competition led to the exit of higher
cost smaller plants and their rapid replacement by larger and
more efficient plants as well as significant increases in concentration
and reductions in costs. More.
AO (6/00)
- Mexico's
Pork Industry Structure Shifting to Large Operations in the 1990s—Rapidly
changing swine production technology, intensified disease control
measures, increased foreign trade activity, and economic and policy
shocks over the past quarter of a century have combined to dramatically
change the Mexican pork industry. More.
AO (9/99)
- World
Hog Production Faces Environmental Constraints—Exports
of the leading pork exporting countries grew at an annual rate
of 4 percent during 1989-97. The extent to which these countries
expand depends on an adequate land base for spreading manure residues.
More.
AO (3/98)
Data
- Confined
Animal and Manure Nutrient Data System—This system provides
state and National data about confined animal numbers and associated
manure nutrients, accessible by year and animal type with each
file providing all available data for each state, or as customized
reports by desired years, geographic areas, animal types, confinement
status, and data items. More.
- Farm Income Data—Estimates are presented of the farm sector's income generated by employment of the sector's resource base in production activities and its contribution as a key component sector of the national economy for 1910 to the present. The national farm income account is disaggregated into component accounts to provide insight into the financial performance of the diverse production activities, participants, and geographic regions of the country. Economic trends can be determined and analyzed using data related to production and marketing of commodities, expenditures for types of inputs, income for States, income by size of farm, and the role of government in supporting the sector. A complete set of estimates is provided for each State. More.
- Commodity
Costs And Returns—Provides U.S. and regional estimates
of costs and returns for crops and livestock (including hogs)
for the most recent 2 years, for a time-series of U.S. and regional
estimates using the ERS farm resource regions, and for older time-series
from 1975. More.
Briefing
Rooms
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