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814 Records Found |
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| | Author(s): Buchanan, Gale |
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| | Author(s): Shoemaker, Robbin |
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| | Author(s): Crutchfield, Stephen R. |
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| | Author(s): Shoemaker, Robbin |
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| | Author(s): Gibson, Paul R. |
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| | Author(s): Smith, Katherine |
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| | Author(s): Ballenger, Nicole |
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| | Author(s): Conklin, Neilson C. |
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| | Author(s): LeBlanc, Michael |
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| | Author(s): Blaylock, James |
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| | The use of different definitions of rural by Federal agencies reflects the multidimensional qualities of rural America. |
| Author(s): Cromartie, John & Shawn Bucholtz |
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| | Food stamp benefits do not increase obesity for most program participants, but there is a potential link for some subgroups. |
| Author(s): Ver Ploeg, Michele & Katherine Ralston |
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| | Though China continues to be a major player in global food exports, growing resource constraints and environmental costs could mean an end to “easy” growth for Chinese agriculture. |
| Author(s): Lohmar, Bryan & Fred Gale |
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| | Despite strong criticism of the WTO, its membership continues to grow as countries seek the benefits of expanding trade. |
| Author(s): Effland, Anne, Mary Anne Normile, Donna Roberts & John Wainio |
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| | Improvements to certification programs and traceability programs have helped expand beef exports from Argentina and Uruguay. |
| Author(s): McConnell, Michael & Ken Mathews |
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| | With more than half of hired farmworkers lacking legal authorization to work in the U.S., legislative reforms of immigration policies could affect some parts of the agricultural sector. |
| Author(s): Kandel, William |
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| | Technological innovation and shifts to larger, more specialized hog operations have led to increases in productivity, reduced production costs, and lower hog prices. |
| Author(s): Key, Nigel & William McBride |
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| | Companies have devised a number of strategies to lower costs and stand out from the competition. |
| Author(s): Martinez, Stephen & Phil Kaufman |
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| | Globalization and worldwide income growth are increasing similarities across countries in what consumers eat and where they shop and dine. |
| Author(s): Frazăo, Elizabeth, Birgit Meade & Anita Regmi |
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| | Higher corn prices increase animal feed and ingredient costs for farmers and food manufacturers, but will consumers undergo the same sticker shock at the grocery store? |
| Author(s): Leibtag, Ephraim |
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| | Nonmetro workers, especially the most highly educated, continue to earn less than similar workers in metro areas, but lower earnings may be offset by lower costs of living and the value of rural amenities. |
| Author(s): Kusmin, Lorin, Robert Gibbs & Tim Parker |
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| | The combination of rising energy prices, use of feed crops for biofuel, greater world food demand, and stagnant food aid may undermine the food security of low-income countries. |
| Author(s): Rosen, Stacey & Shahla Shapouri |
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| | Research examines whether areas that had received higher program payments per cropland acre experienced faster or slower growth in the concentration of production than areas with lower or zero payments. |
| Author(s): Key, Nigel & Michael Roberts |
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| | The economics behind food labeling provides insight into the dynamics of voluntary and mandatory food labeling and the influence labeling has on consumers’ food choices. |
| Author(s): Golan, Elise, Fred Kuchler & Barry Krissoff |
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| | A single payment program that supports farm businesses while encouraging environmentally sound farming practices could work, but with tradeoffs. |
| Author(s): Claassen, Roger & Marcel Aillery |
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| | Biofuels will likely be part of a portfolio of solutions to high energy prices, including conservation, more efficient energy use, and use of other alternative fuels. |
| Author(s): Coyle, William |
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| | Profits and losses lead to fewer small dairy farms and more large operations. |
| Author(s): MacDonald, James M., William McBride & Erik J. O’Donoghue |
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| | Food safety news following the discovery of infected cattle increased consumers’ awareness of BSE but did not alter their perception of risk. |
| Author(s): Kuchler, Fred & Abebayehu Tegene |
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| | Explosive growth of ethanol production brings adjustments to U.S. agriculture that reach far beyond the corn sector. |
| Author(s): Westcott, Paul C. |
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| | After years of declining export growth, new forces shaping U.S. agricultural trade point to a resurgence in exports and slowing import growth. |
| Author(s): Dohlman, Erik & Mark Gehlhar |
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| | Behavioral economics reveals new possibilities for more healthful food choices. |
| Author(s): Mancino, Lisa |
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| | Producers and Government agencies seek science-based practices to reduce risk at the minimum cost. |
| Author(s): Calvin, Linda |
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| | Food insecurity statistics shed light on hardships households face in meeting their food needs. |
| Author(s): Nord, Mark & Mark Prell |
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| | Government payments are a small share of income for most farms. |
| Author(s): Hoppe, Robert |
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| | Like nonfarm businesses, farm businesses exit often, but longevity reduces the likelihood. |
| Author(s): MacDonald, James M., Penelope Korb & Robert Hoppe |
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| | An expanded focus on nutrition may steer food stamp participants to better diets. |
| Author(s): Guthrie, Joanne, Elizabeth Frazăo, Margaret Andrews & David Smallwood |
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| | An influx of retirees and ethnic populations brings both challenges and benefits to small-town America. |
| Author(s): Jones, Carol, William Kandel & Tim Parker |
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| | Some rural areas can generate economic growth by attracting people in creative occupations who value natural amenities. |
| Author(s): McGranahan, David & Tim Wojan |
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| | Farm households that rely heavily on off-farm income have a tendency to adopt farm technologies that save management time. |
| Author(s): Fernandez-Cornejo, Jorge |
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| | A recent WTO ruling may result in the elimination of planting restrictions on certain crops, a long-time feature of U.S. commodity programs. |
| Author(s): Young, Edwin, Demcey Johnson & Barry Krissoff |
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| | The depreciation of the dollar has helped lift U.S. agricultural exports to record-high levels, despite the gains falling short of their full potential. |
| Author(s): Shane, Mathew & William Liefert |
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| | Adjusting Federal poverty measures to account for geographic cost-of-living differences reverses the rankings of metro and nonmetro poverty. |
| Author(s): Jolliffe, Dean |
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| | Brazil's position as a food and agricultural superpower could be threatened as supply-side factors slow production growth and rising domestic demand reduces surpluses. |
| Author(s): Valdes, Constanza |
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| | Facing growing demand abroad and at home for safer food, China is overhauling its food system to meet international food safety standards. |
| Author(s): Calvin, Linda, Fred Gale, Dinghuan Hu & Bryan Lohmar |
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| | Revenue insurance may do a better job of stabilizing farm income and may protect more farms than other risk management tools. |
| Author(s): Dismukes, Robert & Keith H. Coble |
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| | Policies that shift less productive cropland in and out of cultivation may have larger than anticipated environmental effects. |
| Author(s): Lubowski, Ruben, Roger Claassen & Michael Roberts |
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| | Food assistance programs increase food spending and combat poverty, but their effect on nutrition is more uncertain. |
| Author(s): LeBlanc, Michael, Biing-Hwan Lin & David Smallwood |
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| | Despite benefits of freer trade, high agricultural tariffs remain a sticking point in suspended Doha Round trade talks. |
| Author(s): Effland, Anne, Mary Anne Normile & John Wainio |
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| | Income volatility is especially high for poorer households, so targeted food assistance programs must account for swings in eligibility. |
| Author(s): Newman, Constance |
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| | Modern foodstores are an economic force in developing countries in the Pacfiic Rim. |
| Author(s): Coyle, William |
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| | Farmers' conservation choices vary with farm, household, and environmental characteristics. |
| Author(s): Lambert, Dayton & Patrick Sullivan |
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| | Hispanics increasingly meet labor demand arising from industry restructuring. |
| Author(s): Kandel, William |
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| | Accounting for individual risk preferences can help policymakers allocate scare tax dollars among programs. |
| Author(s): Kuchler, Fred & Elise Golan |
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| | Rising energy prices may prompt farmers and rural residents to make tradeoffs in their production practices and daily lives. |
| Author(s): Shoemaker, Robbin, David McGranahan & William McBride |
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| | Though global meat trade has not fallen in response to animal disease outbreaks, a few countries have seen significant changes to their exports and imports. |
| Author(s): Blayney, Don, John Dyck & David Harvey |
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| | The expanding U.S. ethanol sector is stimulating demand for corn, but alternatives to corn may dampen that demand. |
| Author(s): Baker, Allen & Steven Zahniser |
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| | A case study of the USDA Soybean Rust Coordinated Framework finds that the value of the information provided by the framework exceeds its cost. |
| Author(s): Roberts, Michael & David Schimmelpfennig |
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| | Farming is a risky business. Sharp changes in farm production or farm prices, driven by the vagaries of weather and disease, sudden shocks to export markets, or the introduction of new technologies, can lead to striking changes in a farmer’s income in a short period of time. Agricultural contracts can shift such risks from farmers to contractors, and facilitate farm expansion. |
| Author(s): Key, Nigel & James M. MacDonald |
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| Environmental regulations often require firms that emit pollutants to limit emissions to a set level or to install specific emission-reducing technologies. While fairly straightforward, this command-and-control approach can be costly both to the firms and to society. Firms with high costs of pollution reduction and those with low costs are required to meet the same requirements, which may waste resources. Environmental credit trading, an alternative to command-and-control regulations, is a market-based approach to comply with regulations that could achieve pollution abatement goals at lower costs to society. |
| Author(s): Ribaudo, Marc, Robert Johansson & Carol Jones |
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| | Organic markets in the European Union member states and the U.S. are nearly the same size in terms of retail sales. At the same time, their farm sectors differ significantly, with the EU-15 member states having more organic farmland and more organic operations than the U.S. |
| Author(s): Dimitri, Carolyn & Lydia Oberholtzer |
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| | With its roots in the Great Depression and expansion during the 1970s after the Government’s declared war on poverty, the Food Stamp Program was designed to provide a nutritional safety net for low-income households while boosting demand for domestic agricultural products. Today it is the Nation’s largest food assistance program, providing monthly benefits to about 24 million people at a cost of $27 billion in 2004. |
| Author(s): Ver Ploeg, Michele, Lisa Mancino & Biing-Hwan Lin |
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| | Clothing is one of life’s necessities, so a new trade policy that lowers clothing prices affects us all. Such a change took place at the beginning of 2005, as the U.S., Canada, and the European Union (EU) discontinued most of their limits on imports of yarn, fabric, and clothing from developing countries. |
| Author(s): MacDonald, Stephen |
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| | Significant changes in Federal individual income tax and estate and gift tax policies have occurred over the last few years. Since the Federal individual income tax imposes the largest tax burden on the broadest group of farmers and the Federal estate tax can affect the ability to transfer the farm operation to the next generation, these changes are of considerable importance to the farm community. |
| Author(s): Durst, Ron |
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| | Educational attainment in rural America reached a historic high in 2000, with nearly one in six rural adults holding a 4-year college degree, and more than three in four completing high school. As the demand for workers with higher educational qualifications rises, many rural policymakers have come to view local educational levels as a critical determinant of job and income growth in their communities. |
| Author(s): Gibbs, Robert |
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| | Domestic dairy industries and markets worldwide are often cast as heavily protected with limited exposure to global competition. However, despite high tariffs and price support policies that persist in many of the world’s dairy-producing countries, today’s milk producers and dairy companies face increasing competitive forces from outside their borders. |
| Author(s): Blayney, Don & Mark Gehlhar |
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| | Americans’ food shopping habits are changing. Just 20 years ago, traditional grocery stores claimed nearly 90 percent of Americans’ at-home food purchases. Today, their share has dropped to 69 percent. Led by retail giants Wal-Mart, Costco, and Target, nontraditional food stores have managed to grab market share by enticing consumers with a formula of one-stop shopping and lower prices. |
| Author(s): Leibtag, Ephraim |
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| | A century ago, the world’s population was largely rural; only 5 percent lived in urban areas. But now, rapid growth in urban areas, particularly in developing countries, is making this the century of the city, particularly in the Asia-Pacific region, where half the population lives in urban areas, accounting for barely 2 percent of the land mass. |
| Author(s): Coyle, William |
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| | Poverty on America’s farms has been an economic reality for most of the country’s history. Fifty years ago, half of all farm families were poor. The images of impoverished farmers living through the Dust Bowl of the 1930s remain fixed in the minds of Americans. The New Deal, which was the genesis of many USDA programs, addressed the Nation’s concerns for this vulnerable population, which, back then, relied largely on farming for its livelihood. Thus, safety net programs that linked payments to commodity production were a logical means of reducing farm poverty at that time. |
| Author(s): Offutt, Susan & Craig Gunderson |
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| | Rural areas have long been idealized as the place to go for good, clean air. However, the “fresh” air of the countryside may not be so fresh after all. Since farmers began tilling the soil to grow crops and raise animals, agricultural production practices have generated a variety of substances that enter the atmosphere and have the potential of creating health and environmental problems. |
| Author(s): Ribaudo, Marc & Marca Weinberg |
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| | Beautiful scenery—lakes, mountains, forests—attracts people to rural resort areas in the United States. Rural recreation areas have grown rapidly in recent years, and recreation and tourism development has become a popular vehicle for rural economic development. |
| Author(s): Reeder, Richard & Dennis Brown |
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| | This feature article for Amber Waves examines how the agricultural economies of Canada, Mexico, and the United States are increasingly behaving as if they form one market. |
| Author(s): Zahniser, Steven |
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| | Action to combat obesity and overweight could come in many forms since many variables influence diet and lifestyle choices. |
| Author(s): Kuchler, Fred, Elise Golan, Jayachandran Variyam & Stephen R. Crutchfield |
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| | This Amber Waves article reviews farmer participation in the Federal crop insurance program, which has been promoted as a replacement for ad hoc disaster assistance. |
| Author(s): Dismukes, Robert & Joseph Glauber |
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| | For the first time, the Dietary Guidelines have specific recommendations for whole grain consumption separate from those for refined grains. |
| Author(s): Buzby, Jean, Hodan Farah & Gary Vocke |
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| | The approaching retirement of the baby boom generation has focused attention across all segments of society on issues related to retirement and succession planning. Government policies that can influence this planning and affect retirement income are of increased interest to policymakers. Recent tax initiatives have provided greater incentives for individuals to save for retirement. The Administration has announced that social security reform is among its highest priorities during 2005. |
| Author(s): Mishra, Ashok, Ron Durst & Hisham El-Osta |
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| | The rapidly growing greenhouse tomato industry has become an important part of the North American fresh tomato industry. Greenhouse tomatoes now represent an estimated 17 percent of U.S. fresh tomato supply. Even though greenhouse tomatoes still constitute a minority share of the U.S. fresh tomato market, their influence is concentrated and growing in retail channels, which represent about half of U.S. tomato consumption. |
| Author(s): Calvin, Linda & Roberta Cook |
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| | In 1950, 4 out of every 10 rural people lived on a farm, and almost a third of the Nation’s rural workforce was engaged directly in production agriculture. Because agriculture dominated the social and economic well-being of most of the rural population, public policy related to agriculture was a dominant force shaping rural life both on the farm and in rural communities. But today, rural America is vastly different from 50 years ago, and current commodity-based farm policies do not fully address the complexities of rural economies and populations. |
| Author(s): Whitener, Leslie |
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| | Encouraging Americans to eat more fruits and vegetables has been a central theme of Federal dietary guidance for more than a decade. A recent Food Marketing Institute survey found that almost 70 percent of American shoppers believe their diets would be healthier if they ate more fruits and vegetables. |
| Author(s): Guthrie, Joanne, Biing-Hwan Lin, Jane Reed & Hayden Stewart |
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| | Do farm program payments boost the vitality of rural communities? We might suppose that, by maintaining farm incomes, these payments allow participating farms and their households to remain viable and to continue purchasing local goods and services. |
| Author(s): McGranahan, David & Patrick Sullivan |
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| | The last three decades have seen tremendous growth in sales of processed food sales now total $3.2 trillion, or about three-fourths of the total world food sales. But, contrary to initial expectations, this phenomenon has not led to significant growth in global trade only 6 percent of processed food sales are traded compared with 16 percent of major bulk agricultural commodities. |
| Author(s): Regmi, Anita & Mark Gehlhar |
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| | In 2003, U.S. Surgeon General Richard Carmona said in testimony before the House of Representatives: "I welcome this chance to talk with you about a health crisis affecting every State, every city, every community, and every school across our great Nation. The crisis is obesity. It's the fastest growing cause of death in America." |
| Author(s): Variyam, Jayachandran |
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| | The United States is expected to import more than 8 million hogs from Canada in 2004, a far cry from the 921,000 head imported just 10 years ago. Moreover, unlike 1994, hog imports this year will likely continue to be skewed in favor of feeder pigs. |
| Author(s): Haley, Mildred |
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| | The great diversity across States in farming circumstances and policy preferences suggests that tailoring farm programs to local circumstances may be more efficient. Devolution, or the transfer of control over Federal funds to States, is one way of adapting national policies to suit local preferences more closely. |
| Author(s): Offutt, Susan, Betsey Kuhn & Mitch Morehart |
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| | USDA farmland retirement programs aim to preserve natural resources. But while their benefits to the environment and crop farmers are widely acknowledged, some fear that high levels of farmland retirement threaten the survival of nearby farming communities. A new ERS analysis suggests such fears are unfounded. |
| Author(s): Sullivan, Patrick, Daniel Hellerstein, David McGranahan & Stephen Vogel |
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| | Although low-skill jobs are disproportionately found in rural areas, the rate of decline in the share of low-skill jobs was swifter there in the 1990s than in urban areas. Upgrading skills within the current mix of industries-rather than growth of new industries-was a key factor in the declining share of rural low-skill jobs. |
| Author(s): Dohlman, Erik, Edwin Young, Linwood Hoffman & William McBride |
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| | With the elimination of quotas under the 2002 Farm Act, U.S. peanut producers now respond to market forces rather than quota rights. Peanut production has risen in the Southeast, where producers have been more efficient, and has fallen in other regions.With the exit of less efficient producers,average yields have risen. |
| Author(s): Gibbs, Robert, Lorin Kusmin & John Cromartie |
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| | In June 2003, the European Union (EU) adopted a program of agricultural policy reform, building on earlier agricultural policy reforms enacted since 1992. This program was expanded to include additional commodities in 2004. The policy changes under these recent reforms will dramatically alter the way that producers are supported and alter the incentive structure for EU farmers, but are likely to have modest impacts on EU production and consumption. |
| Author(s): Kelch, David & Mary Anne Normile |
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| | In 1996, the World Food Summit set its sights on reducing by half the number of hungry people in the world by 2015. But 8 years after the signing of this declaration, the international community is coming to grips with the fact that it will fall far short of its goal. |
| Author(s): Shapouri, Shahla & Stacey Rosen |
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| | Defining and measuring success is easy—if you are Rube Goldberg. A widely acclaimed 20th century cartoonist, Goldberg depicted outlandish inventions that accomplished simple tasks through an intricate series of linked steps, each one triggering another until a desired outcome was reached. |
| Author(s): Smith, Katherine & Marca Weinberg |
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| | Proper nutrition during an infant’s first year is essential for long-term growth and development. Although breastfeeding is the best nutritional method of feeding most babies, not all mothers breastfeed their infants. For these infants, infant formula is a key, or even sole, source of nutrition during their first months of life. |
| Author(s): Oliveira, Victor & Mark Prell |
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| | The Federal Government spent over $40 billion in 2003 on food assistance to low-income Americans. Yet, many needy people still turn to the almost 40,000 privately run food pantries and soup kitchens in the United States. |
| Author(s): Tiehen, Laura |
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| | Cropland soil erosion has fallen since the 1980s, in part because the Federal Government started requiring farmers to engage in conservation activities or risk losing income support payments. But other factors are also at work. |
| Author(s): Claassen, Roger |
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| | The Hispanic population is the largest, fastest growing minority in the U.S. Although largely an urban phenomenon, the Hispanic population is growing in nonmetro areas for the first time. What does this mean for the social, economic, and political future of rural America? |
| Author(s): Kandel, William & Constance Newman |
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| | The population of the Asia-Pacific region is rapidly becoming more urban, increasing in number, and getting older. Over the next 20 years, these three demographic trends will generate powerful economic forces that will challenge the region’s food system. |
| Author(s): Coyle, William, Brad Gilmour & Walter J. Armbruster |
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| | From the day the Berlin Wall fell in 1989, the governments of the formerly communist countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) began to discuss the idea of joining the European Union (EU). |
| Author(s): Cochrane, Nancy |
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| | Roughly half of all land in the lower 48 States is farmland, including cropland, land in the Conservation Reserve Program, pastureland, and rangeland. |
| Author(s): Hopkins, Jeffrey & Robert Johansson |
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| | Food traceability is in the news—in articles ranging from food safety and bioterrorism to the consumer’s right to know. |
| Author(s): Golan, Elise, Barry Krissoff & Fred Kuchler |
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| | Recent industry innovations improving the safety of the Nation’s meat supply range from new pathogen tests, high-tech equipment, and supply-chain management systems to new surveillance networks |
| Author(s): Golan, Elise, Tanya Roberts & Michael Ollinger |
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| | Poverty declined in the 1990s, particularly in rural and small-town nonmetro areas. Still, over 400 nonmetro areas had poverty rates of at least 20 percent in 2000. What socioeconomic factors characterize these high poverty areas, and what kinds of policies will help them? |
| Author(s): Beale, Calvin L. |
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| | Crop variety research and development have contributed to the unprecedented crop yields experienced by U.S. farmers since the 1930s. As the seed sector becomes increasingly dominated by large private firms, will the intensity of research effort decrease? |
| Author(s): Fernandez-Cornejo, Jorge & David Schimmelpfennig |
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| Rural America faces many opportunities and challenges in the 21st century. Will partnerships between public and private institutions help to enhance the economic prospects for rural residents? |
| Author(s): Whitener, Leslie, Joseph Jen & Kathleen Kassel |
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| | Endowed with rich land, water, and labor resources, India’s agricultural sector boomed in the last half of the 20th century. Now, however, the ag sector is facing new pressures to meet the demands of a growing middle class. Are producers and policymakers poised to respond to these pressures? |
| Author(s): Landes, Maurice R. |
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| | The United States has been a net exporter of agricultural products since 1959, an uninterrupted span of 44 years. |
| Author(s): Jerardo, Alberto |
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| | Biotechnology is often associated with promise…promise to feed the world, promise to reduce environmental harm, promise to expand agricultural markets and production possibilities, promise to create products that consumers want.
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| Author(s): Shoemaker, Robbin, Johnson D. Demcey & Elise Golan |
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| | Recognizing the negative impact that some farming practices (excess fertilization and manure, for example) can have on our Nation’s natural resources, policymakers have been devoting more attention and funding to agri-environmental policies and programs. |
| Author(s): Claassen, Roger |
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| | Global food trade is expanding, providing consumers with access to a wider year-round variety of foods at lower prices. |
| Author(s): Buzby, Jean & Lorraine Mitchell |
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| | In the early 20th century, most types of farm products were sold as commodities on the open market. |
| Author(s): Martinez, Stephen & Hayden Stewart |
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| Many States have employed a variety of restrictions on retail stores and food items to reduce food costs for USDA's third-largest food assistance program, the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). Can States control costs while meeting WIC nutrition and health goals? |
| Author(s): Kaufman, Phil |
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| | The U.S. is pursuing trade liberalization through regional agreements, such as the Free Trade Area of the Americas, and multilateral negotiations at the World Trade Organization. Why does the U.S. do both simultaneously? |
| Author(s): Burfisher, Mary & Steven Zahniser |
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| | The 1990s ushered in unprecedented economic prosperity and major welfare system reforms in the United States. The nonmetro poverty rate fell, but inched back up in 2001. Will nonmetro poverty resume its downward pattern in the 21st century? |
| Author(s): Jolliffe, Dean |
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| | Weather, breeding cycles,world stocks, and consumption swings can all make for uncertain farm income, but farmers make a host of production decisions that can affect costs and predispose them to weathering out rough patches. What are these decisions and to what extent are U.S. farmers covering costs? |
| Author(s): McBride, William |
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| | U.S. tobacco, which is more expensive in part due to the Federal tobacco program, has been supplanted in many markets by cheaper foreign leaf of increasing quality. Can the tobacco program, after 65 years, be retooled to address this reality? |
| Author(s): Capehart, Tom |
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| | Efficiency involves converting the least amount of inputs into the greatest amount of outputs, which is important not only in farming but also in food assistance programs. |
| Author(s): Prell, Mark |
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| | The proliferation in China of restaurants, supermarkets, advertising, new products, and attractively packaged goods signals Chinese consumers’ new, more prominent influence in their country’s economy. |
| Author(s): Gale, Fred |
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| | All crops, whether traditional varieties selected and harvested by farmers or modern varieties bred by professional plant breeders, descend from wild and improved genetic resources (also called germplasm) collected around the world. |
| Author(s): Day-Rubenstein, Kelly & Paul Heisey |
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| | Welfare reform legislation enacted in 1996 under the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) dramatically altered the social safety net for poor Americans |
| Author(s): Whitener, Leslie, Robert Gibbs & Lorin Kusmin |
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| | Farmers know that consumers are key to economic viability and growth, and their preferences drive the evolution of the farm industry. Three demographic trends will shape future U.S. food markets: more mature consumers, more diversity, and more people to feed. |
| Author(s): Ballenger, Nicole & James Blaylock |
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| | The experiences of South America, the former Soviet Union, and China show that government policies, national institutions, and even cultural values can profoundly affect the productivity of a country's resources and the competitiveness of its products in international markets. |
| Author(s): Dohlman, Erik, Stefan Osborne & Bryan Lohmar |
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| | The worldwide phaseout of methyl bromide could mitigate some of the harmful effects of ozone depletion, but because the fumigant is so important to agricultural production, the phaseout could also have some negative effects for producers and consumers. |
| Author(s): Osteen, Craig |
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| | Along with Federal regulations requiring more preventative controls and bacterial testing, market mechanisms, such as increased product branding and stricter food safety requirements imposed by large buyers, are bolstering the safety of U.S. meat and poultry. |
| Author(s): Ollinger, Michael & Nicole Ballenger |
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| | Decoupled Payments Increase Households' Well-Being, Not Production
Nearly all industrial countries provide subsidies to their farmers, often for the purpose of maintaining income from farming or reducing income variability. |
| Author(s): Burfisher, Mary & Jeffrey Hopkins |
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| | New Clean Water Act Regulations Create Imperative for Livestock Producers
Ever-growing numbers of livestock and poultry per farm and per acre have increased the risk of water pollution. |
| Author(s): Ribaudo, Marc |
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| | Household Food Security in the United States
Household food security—access at all times to enough food for active, healthy living—is taken for granted by most Americans. The struggle to avoid overeating is a more common American experience than the struggle to put enough food on the table. |
| Author(s): Nord, Mark & Margaret Andrews |
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| | Opportunities and Challenges. At the beginning of the 21st century, rural America comprises 2,305 counties, contains 80 percent of the Nation's land, and is home to 56 million people. |
| Author(s): Whitener, Leslie & David McGranahan |
| Commodity Programs and Policy |
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| | Revenue insurance may do a better job of stabilizing farm income and may protect more farms than other risk management tools. |
| Author(s): Dismukes, Robert & Keith H. Coble |
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| | A recent WTO ruling may result in the elimination of planting restrictions on certain crops, a long-time feature of U.S. commodity programs. |
| Author(s): Young, Edwin, Demcey Johnson, Barry Krissoff & Gary Lucier |
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| | To address the negative impact that some farming practices can have on natural resources, policymakers have both increased conservation program funding and shifted its emphasis. |
| Author(s): Claassen, Roger |
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| | Author(s): Claassen, Roger |
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| | Author(s): Ribaudo, Marc, Robert Johansson & Carol Jones |
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| | Local economies with high levels of enrollment in land retirement programs lose farm-related jobs in the short-term, but, over time, add jobs as they adjust to new business opportunities. |
| Author(s): Sullivan, Patrick, Daniel Hellerstein, David McGranahan & Stephen Vogel |
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| | Farmers’ conservation choices vary with farm, household, and environmental characteristics. |
| Author(s): Lambert, Dayton & Patrick Sullivan |
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| | Though farmers may be induced by conservation program payments to change their farming practices, it is difficult to link their actions to outcomes, because they take place within a larger set of complex interactions. |
| Author(s): Smith, Katherine & Marca Weinberg |
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| | Environmental credit trading is a market-based approach to complying with environmental regulations that could achieve pollution abatement goals at lower costs to society. |
| Author(s): Ribaudo, Marc, Robert Johansson & Carol Jones |
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| | Environmental regulations and incentives that address multiple media, like air and water, are more likely to cost-effective in meeting resource quality goals. |
| Author(s): Ribaudo, Marc & Marca Weinberg |
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| | Food assistance programs increase food spending and combat poverty, but their effect on nutrition is more uncertain. |
| Author(s): LeBlanc, Michael, Biing-Hwan Lin & David Smallwood |
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